The existing Drupal 8 functionality is very extensive. Like all the previous versions of Drupal, it gives developers a lot of opportunities to realize their plans. However, there are a number of cases where the built-in toolkit is not enough. And in this case, modules come to the rescue. These are special extensions of the current Drupal features that help to maximally customize the solution being created on the basis of this platform.
Generally speaking, you can find three types of modules for Drupal 8:
-
core;
-
contributed;
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custom.
The first type of modules comes directly from the platform itself, and they were created by the Drupal developers. The second type is modules co-written by the Drupal community and released under the GPL license. Finally, the third type of modules (those that will be discussed below), are very narrowly specialized solutions that developers make on the spot - that is, when all previous modules have turned out to be either useless for solving a specific business problem, or less effective than required.
Below we will discuss how to develop a custom Drupal module.
Before We Begin
Before proceeding directly to the Drupal 8 module development, let’s discuss the specifics of module development in the particular case of the 8th version of Drupal. This information will be extremely useful for those who have previously dealt only with Drupal 7.
As you know, Drupal 7 has a procedural coding style. In the case of Drupal 8, developers have to switch to object-oriented programming. This allows them to abstract themselves from implementation details, to protect certain data from unauthorized access, and, finally, to scale the existing code without too much risk of causing errors that would be difficult to solve.
To make all the tangible differences clearer, we suggest analyzing them using the following table:
Creating Our First Custom Module for Drupal 8
So, after analyzing the differences between the Drupal 7 and Drupal 8 versions, we suggest finally proceeding to our small tutorial on custom Drupal modules development.
Here you will learn how to create a module that would associate the controller with URLs and return custom blocks.
1. Selecting a name for the module and creating a folder for it
Before creating custom Drupal modules, you will have to come up with a unique name for your specific solution, as well as the name of the machine that will be used within the module itself.
Ready? Great, now it's time to make a folder in which to place your creation. According to the traditions of Drupal 8 development, this folder is placed inside the “sites/all” directory and it has the standard name “modules”.
After you have created the modules category for all your future custom modules, it is time to create a category for our particular case. Suppose that our module is called My Module, and the machine is called my_module, respectively. In this case, the folder we need to create should be named my_module too.
2. Creating the files
Now you will need to build a file with the extension .info.yaml (in our case it will look like my_module.info.yml) and a file with the extension .module (in our case it will be my_module.module).
3. Creating a directory to place the files
The next step in our tutorial will be the creation of a src subfolder to accommodate plug-ins, templates and other files of our project. This will automatically load the class controllers of your future module.
4. Creating the base controller
In order to create a base controller, you will need to create another directory called Controller in the src folder. In this directory, you need to create the MyController.php file. To begin, write something into this file (for example, a primitive program with the output line “This is my first module”) to observe how it works:
<?php
namespace Drupalmy_moduleController;
use DrupalCoreControllerControllerBase;
class MyController extends ControllerBase {
public function content() {
return array( '#type' => 'markup', '#markup' => t('This is my first module'), );
}
}
5. Creating a route file
Now we need to get our controller to start doing something really useful. To do this, we will now create it (in our case it will be named my_module.routing.yml) and connect it to the route from the URL:
first_module.content:
path: '/first'
defaults:
_controller: 'Drupalmy_moduleControllerMyController::content'
_title: 'This is my first module'
requirements:
_permission: 'access content'
6. Launching the module
So, we are launching our module. In order for the user to receive content, your module must receive URL information. The most convenient way to implement all of this is to create a new file with the extension .menu.yml and place it in the root directory. Inside the file, you will need to write the following code:
my_module.admin:
title: 'First module settings'
description: 'A basic module to return a string'
parent: system.admin_config_development
route_name: my_module.content
weight: 100
7. Clearing the cache
Now clear the cache (this is done so that you can see your new menu item).
8. Creating a custom block
For these purposes, you will need to create a new plugin. To do this, in the src folder, create a new directory called Plugin, and inside it another directory called Block. Inside the Block directory, you will need to create a new file (in our case it will be called MyPluginBlock.php). Here, you either have to manually specify the classes and namespaces to use, or they will be pulled up automatically, in case you use some IDE during development. Put the following code there:
<?php
namespace Drupalmy_modulePluginBlock;
use DrupalCoreBlockBlockBase;
class MyPluginBlock extends BlockBase {
}
9. Adding a new method
The next step is to organize the inheritance of the child classes and add a new method inside the HelloBlock class:
class HelloBlock extends BlockBase {
public function build() {
return array(
'#markup' => $this->t('This is my first module'),
);
}
}
10. Clearing the cache again
After clearing the cache, go to the administrative panel. Here we will need to add our block to the sidebar. To do this, you will need to click Place block and save this option with the needed settings. Now scroll to the bottom of the administration page and click Save blocks.
Voila! Your module is ready! Now you can try to change something to suit your own taste. As you can see, module development for Drupal 8 is not that difficult.
Conclusion
In our Drupal 8 module development tutorial, we have created a custom module for the Drupal 8 platform that returns a string, forms a route, and creates a new block on the user’s side. We hope that this will help you to create new, more complex modules that will help adapt your website to your needs.
If you would rather not develop the module yourself, and in general would like to avoid wasting your time and jangling your nerves on customizing your site, then you can hire real professionals for this task. Our best developers from the company AnyForSoft will take care of any task, no matter how difficult, in the shortest possible time. Drop us the line using the form below, even if you just want to ask: “How much does it cost to develop a Drupal module?” We will be glad to start a new cooperation!